Pediatric occupational therapists (OTs) focus on the "occupations" of childhood, which include playing, learning, and performing daily tasks independently. Their work covers physical, sensory, cognitive, and social development to help children thrive in their homes, schools, and communities. 

1. Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

Pediatric OTs work on self-care skills that allow a child to be independent in their personal routines. 

• Dressing: Managing zippers, buttons, snaps, and tying shoelaces.

• Feeding: Using utensils (spoon, fork, knife), drinking from a cup/straw, and opening lunch boxes.

• Grooming: Brushing teeth, combing hair, and washing hands.

• Toileting: Potty training and hygiene management.

• Sleep: Establishing healthy sleep and rest routines. , 

2. Fine & Visual Motor Skills

These involve small muscle movements, often centered around the hands and fingers, and how the eyes coordinate with hand movements. 

• Handwriting: Developing a proper pencil grasp, letter formation, and spacing.

• Scissor Skills: Learning to hold and manipulate scissors to cut shapes or lines.

• Manipulation: Playing with small objects like Legos, puzzles, stringing beads, or using tweezers.

• Visual Integration: Hand-eye coordination for tasks like catching a ball, copying from a chalkboard, or tracing shapes. 

3. Gross Motor & Strength

While often associated with physical therapy, OTs address larger muscle movements to support the physical foundation for daily tasks. 

• Core Strength: Improving posture and stability needed to sit upright in a chair at school.

• Bilateral Coordination: Using both sides of the body together for activities like climbing, swimming, or using a rolling pin.

• Balance & Coordination: Navigating playground equipment, running, and jumping without being "clumsy".

• Upper Body Strength: Strengthening shoulders and arms to support finer hand control. 

4. Sensory Processing & Regulation

OTs help children interpret and respond appropriately to sensory information from their environment. 

• Sensory Modulation: Managing over- or under-sensitivity to textures, loud noises, or bright lights.

• Self-Regulation: Helping a child calm themselves when upset or maintain focus during "circle time".

• Proprioception: Understanding where their body is in space (e.g., how hard to push a door).

• Feeding Textures: Addressing "picky eating" related to food textures, smells, or temperatures. 

5. Cognitive & Social Skills

OTs support the mental and social abilities required for learning and making friends. 

• Executive Functioning: Skills like following multi-step directions, staying organized, and prioritizing tasks.

• Social Participation: Taking turns, sharing toys, and maintaining eye contact during play.

• Play Skills: Developing imaginative play, following game rules, and engaging in age-appropriate play.

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